Artículos

La influencia de los partidos políticos españoles en las agendas de medios y blogs durante la campaña electoral de 2011

Lidia Valera Ordaz

Resumen

Resumen

Este artículo analiza la composición de las agendas partidistas durante la campaña de las Elecciones Generales de 2011, y su asimilación en el espacio público por parte de diversos actores mediáticos (tradicionales y digitales). A través de un análisis de contenido aplicado a un corpus de 168 unidades, esta investigación de agenda de primer nivel somete a contrastación empírica la hipótesis de que el pluralismo polarizado del sistema mediático español invita a los medios a difundir las prioridades temáticas destacadas por los partidos políticos que se integran en sus esferas ideológicas de referencia. Además, el estudio analiza si la blogosfera política tiende a emular a los medios tradicionales en su disposición a abrazar las agendas partidistas. Los resultados señalan que mientras que la prensa tradicional sí adopta generosamente las tematizaciones partidistas de la realidad en sus tribunas editoriales, la blogosfera política acoge un debate temático más independiente y abierto. Palabras clave Agenda setting, agenda building, pluralismo polarizado, campaña electoral 2011

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the composition of partisan agendas during the Spanish General Election campaign 2011 and their sponsorship by different media actors (both traditional and digital), through a methodological approach that consists of content analysis applied to a corpus of 168 news pieces. Our goal is to empirically assess if the polarized pluralism of the Spanish media system leads traditional media outlets to adopt and disseminate the issue priorities emphasized by the political parties that belong to their respective ideological spheres. Moreover, this study examines if the Spanish political blogosphere is influenced by partisan agendas during the electoral campaign. The results show that while traditional newspapers clearly sponsor partisan agendas in their editorials, political blogs tend to promote a significantly more independent and open thematic debate. Keywords Agenda setting, agenda building, polarized pluralism, electoral campaign 2011

Emotional Politics on Facebook. An Exploratory Study of Podemos’ Discourse during the European Election Campaign 2014

Agnese Sampietro
Lidia Valera Ordaz

Resumen

The results of the European elections 2014 in Spain were characterized by the outstanding rise of a new party, Podemos, which obtained five seats in the European Parliament, despite being founded few months before the elections. The present study analyzes both the content and the presence of emotions in Podemos’ discourse on Facebook during the European electoral campaign. In particular, the affective content of both the party’s discourse and the comments of its followers will be analyzed through a pragmatic linguistic approach applied to a corpus of 163 posts and 215 followers’ comments. Results show an insistence on positive emotions in the party’s discourse and a prevalence of negative emotions in the comments of the citizens.

La blogosfera política española en las Elecciones Generales 2011. Una comparación entre blogs de candidatos, periodistas y ciudadanos

Lidia Valera Ordaz
José Gamir Ríos
Guillermo López García

Resumen

El presente estudio propone un análisis de la blogosfera política española durante la campaña electoral previa a las Elecciones Generales del 20 de noviembre de 2011, con el fin de identificar los principales temas de discusión que centraron el debate en tres tipos de bitácoras: seis blogs de candidatos políticos de las principales formaciones políticas españolas, cuatro a cargo de periodistas destacados de la esfera pública central y cuatro de ciudadanos anónimos. Se plantea un análisis de contenido fundamentado en 57 categorías temáticas para establecer la composición de las agendas de los catorce bloggers y realizar una comparación entre ellas. El análisis mostrará las líneas de fuerza de las agendas de los tres actores del proceso de comunicación política –partidos políticos, medios de comunicación y ciudadanía–, así como las particularidades asociadas a los tres tipos de autoría.

El debate sobre Europa en Twitter. Discursos y estrategias de los candidatos de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2014 en España

Guillermo López García
José Gamir Ríos
Francisco José García Ull
Lorena Cano Orón
José Luis González Esteban

Resumen

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de la campaña electoral desarrollada en las redes sociales, y en concreto Twitter, por parte de los cabezas de lista de ocho formaciones políticas españolas en las Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de mayo de 2014. El objetivo fundamental del análisis es comprobar en qué medida el discurso de los candidatos se ciñe a temáticas de alcance europeo o, por el contrario, encuadra su campaña en relación con cuestiones de ámbito nacional. Para ello, el artículo desarrolla tres perspectivas metodológicas complementarias: un análisis cuantitativo de la actividad de los candidatos en Twitter; un análisis de contenido de los mensajes publicados por los candidatos a lo largo de la campaña electoral; y, por último, un análisis del discurso elaborado a partir del seguimiento diario de la campaña.

A Spanish ‘Yes, We Can!’ Against the two-Party System: the Development of Political Party Podemos

Guillermo López García

Resumen

This article develops an analysis of the internal functioning of the Spanish party Podemos and its structural make-up. The used methodology consists of: 1) a descriptive analysis of the development of Podemos, based on the available information in the media; 2) an analysis centered on the presence of Podemos in social networks and the mainstream media, in addition to electoral results and polls. The analysis attempts to determine the following: the party’s decision-making process, along with the type of relationships established between leaders and supporters; to what extent the Internet is used as a primary tool for organization, mobilization and political propaganda; and the extent of the clash or harmony within the interparty’s dynamics: on one hand, the bottom-up structure of the citizen assemblies and, on the other, the top-down structure inferred from Pablo Iglesias’s hyper-leadership and the media presence of the party’s principal leaders.

“Citizen engagement on Spanish political parties’ Facebook pages: Analysis of the 2015 electoral campaign comments”. Communication & Society 30(4), pp. 131-145

Vicente Fenoll
Lorena Cano Orón

Resumen

Political parties’ use of social networks to spread their messages allows for citizen engagement and fosters debate among social networks users. In this paper, we analyze said engagement in the comments written by citizens on the Facebook pages of the major Spanish political parties during the 2015 general election campaign. We describe the characteristics of citizen engagement in a political context and determine if there are any differences amongst the comments published on the political parties’ pages. We employ a two-phase quantitative methodology. First, we analyze the distribution of the 68,747 citizen comments posted on the profiles of PP, PSOE, Podemos, and Ciudadanos, based on the level of engagement and which party’s page they appear on. Second, we perform a computerized content analysis of the comments to identity the most used words, the emotional valence of the messages, and the type of language citizens use to interact with one another. The results indicate that users associated with the new parties engage in such ways that differ from those users associated with the traditional parties. Moreover, interaction among users of these platforms is characterized by disagreement and more negative, offensive language, especially on the Facebook pages of the most ideologically polarized parties.

“Contemporary Portrayals of Women and Feminity. A Case Study of Lifestyle Blogs in the U.S”. Journal of Research in Gender Studies 7(2), pp. 186-210

Guillermo López García

Resumen

This article explores contemporary portrayals of women and femininity in lifestyle blogs written and edited by millennial women in the United States. Based on a sample of three of the most popular lifestyle blogs currently in the U.S. this article attempts to identify and describe current portrayals of women to determine if they support a progressive or a conservative approach to femininity. The study we present in this paper is based on a dual methodology: content analysis and discourse analysis. Content analysis allows us to identify topics covered by the selected lifestyle blogs and their categorizations (sections in which they are published) whereas the discourse analysis helps determine the presence or absence of women stereotypes and how gender is represented. Results show some affinity between lifestyle blogs and women magazines with regards to topics covered although the editorial tone is more progressive in lifestyle blogs, leaning towards feminism and discarding conservative representations of femininity.

“Metamorfosis de la prensa de referencia en el contexto digital: clickbait y estrategias de tabloide en Elpais.com”. Communication & Society 29(2), pp. 63-80

Dolors Palau Sampio

Resumen

En un contexto marcado por la incertidumbre tecnológica y la búsqueda de un modelo de negocio viable, los medios digitales han sucumbido a diversas estrategias para captar audiencia, reflejada en los clicks que genera cada titular. Este artículo centra la atención en un medio de referencia como El País para analizar qué opciones ha incorporado para atraer visitas a la web. A partir de una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, se estudian los contenidos de cuatro secciones que ha sumado Elpais.com en los últimos dos años (SModa, Icon, BuenaVida y Verne), que han logrado generar –en especial la última– un tráfico importante. Las conclusiones del análisis muestran una apuesta por la tabloidización, con contenidos anecdóticos y curiosos o de estilos de vida, mientras que las llamadas hard news están ausentes de estas nuevas secciones. Esta circunstancia coincide con titulares que presentan rasgos característicos de la prensa popular, que actúan más como anzuelo para captar la curiosidad –y de paso producir ingresos cada vez que se pincha sobre ellos– que como elementos informativos. La fragmentación de los textos y su estructura en listas imita el éxito cosechado por medios nativos digitales, al tiempo que se aleja de los estándares de la prensa de calidad.

“The impact of media and NGOs on four European Parliament discourses about conflicts in the Middle East”. Media, War & Conflict. First Published September 19, 2017

Adolfo Carratalá Simón

Resumen

There is empirical evidence of media influence on parliamentary agenda, especially when media coverage privileges conflict framing of reality and negativity. This article addresses the impact of media presence (traditional and social media) and NGOs on European parliamentary discussions about violent conflicts in the Middle East and their role during phases of escalation and pacification. The authors content analysed 7,633 minutes from debates involving the Syrian (from January 2011 to June 2015) and Israeli–Palestinian (from March 2006 to June 2015) conflicts, from the European Parliament (N = 2,541), the German Bundestag (N = 2,138), the UK House of Commons (N = 2,514) and the French Assemblée Nationale (N = 440). Conflict-related paragraphs were filtered and analysed. Using the multilingual and cross-validated dictionary adapted to conflict and media analysis created by Infocore, they measured the presence of media and actors as well as the inclusion of conflict-key concepts within parliamentary discussions. Findings revealed that social media (when compared to traditional media and NGOs) are the main actors quoted in parliamentary minutes when they refer to violent conflicts and that this attention varies over time and is driven by focusing events. The presence of traditional and social media as well as NGOs in the debates was significantly different depending on the parliament studied and the conflict under consideration. The authors found empirical evidence supporting the claim that such concepts as limited violence, crisis, assistance and pacification are correlated with the presence of media and NGOs.

“Frame building and frame sponsorship in the 2011 Spanish election: the practices of polarised pluralism”

Lidia Valera Ordaz

Resumen

This study assesses if the well-established polarised pluralism of the Spanish news media system translated into frame sponsorship during the 2011 Spanish General Election. After reviewing the historical and cultural influences
that shaped the 2011 Spanish electoral campaign, I conduct a qualitative discourse analysis of ninety-six news releases issued by the two main Spanish political parties, the Socialist Party and the People’s Party, to identify their
sponsored diagnostic and prognostic frames. I then compare the partisan news releases with twenty-seven El País and El Mundo editorials that evaluated the party-sponsored frames to explore if and to what extent both Spanish leading newspapers adopted the party sponsored frames. Findings show that the political parties succeeded in dominating news narratives about what was at stake in the election, since the newspapers clearly sponsored partisan frames and supported the parties’ political aspirations. Results also demonstrate that the newspapers
sporadically challenged details of partisan diagnostic and prognostic frames, especially after the election. These discrepancies, however, do not challenge partisan ideological foundations.

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